Concept
Catalysis
8 studies2 discoveries
Catalysis is rate enhancement by a species that is regenerated, measured as turnover, selectivity, overpotential or productivity versus a stoichiometric control.
Almost every industrial and laboratory synthesis students meet is catalytic — the question is what the catalyst actually does.
Studies
8
Findings
5
7 supporting · 0 challenging · 0 qualifying citations
Open tensions
1
Currently
What we know
- This library holds 8 empirical chemistry papers on catalysis with isolated findings, rates or spectra rather than reviews.
- Dilute, bright photolysis of Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2 gives CO; concentrated or dim light favours a Ru(I) dimer that makes formate.
- A self-supporting Co–N–C single-atom catalyst with a CoN4C8-1-2O2 site hydrogenatively couples nitroarenes to azo compounds.
- A crystalline Rh σ-alkane complex swaps NBA for alkenes in the solid state and the porous ethene polymorph isomerizes 1-butene with high TOF.
- A Pt(II) weak-link tweezer and a sulfonate regulator switch a squaramide–amine co-catalyst fully on or off in situ.
Largest unresolved question
Heterogeneous, molecular and dual photoredox/metal systems are not interchangeable; support, ligand and light each change the active site.
Common misconceptions
A catalyst just 'speeds things up' without changing the product mix.
Selectivity and poisoning often matter more than raw rate.
Related
Claim ledger
What the evidence shows
Drawn from 8 studies in this library. Mix labels say which citation roles are present; they are not a strength score. Supports means evidence for a finding; Challenges means evidence against a stated position; Qualifies marks scope.
This library holds 8 empirical chemistry papers on catalysis with isolated findings, rates or spectra rather than reviews.
- Ru dimer vs monomer splits CO from formate
- Single-atom Co–N–C catalyzes nitroarene azo coupling
- Solid Rh crystals isomerize butene without dissolving
Study Role Design N Population Outcome Ru dimer vs monomer splits CO from formate Supports OtherPhotochemical CO2 reduction with [Ru(bpy)3]2+/Ru carbonyl catalysts varying concentration and light Molecular photocatalysis concentration-dependence study — no sample N DMA/water photoreduction mixtures with Ru catalysts and BNAH TON and CO/formate selectivity as a function of catalyst concentration Single-atom Co–N–C catalyzes nitroarene azo coupling Supports OtherCo–N–C single-atom catalyst identification by STEM/XAS and nitroarene hydrogenation tests Heterogeneous catalysis materials study — no sample N Co–N–C catalysts converting nitroarenes CoN4 site structure and azo-product yield/TOF Solid Rh crystals isomerize butene without dissolving Supports OtherSolid/gas SC-SC organometallic substitutions and polymorphic catalysis of 1-butene isomerization Solid-state organometallic materials — no sample N Molecular organometallic crystals ([1-NBA]/[BArF4] ethene polymorphs) SC-SC reactivity and TOF differences between porous hexagonal and octahedral polymorphs Dilute, bright photolysis of Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2 gives CO; concentrated or dim light favours a Ru(I) dimer that makes formate.
A self-supporting Co–N–C single-atom catalyst with a CoN4C8-1-2O2 site hydrogenatively couples nitroarenes to azo compounds.
A crystalline Rh σ-alkane complex swaps NBA for alkenes in the solid state and the porous ethene polymorph isomerizes 1-butene with high TOF.
A Pt(II) weak-link tweezer and a sulfonate regulator switch a squaramide–amine co-catalyst fully on or off in situ.
Debates
Tensions and limits
Some items are genuine disagreements on the same question. Others mark different assays, populations, or outcomes.
Heterogeneous, molecular and dual photoredox/metal systems are not interchangeable; support, ligand and light each change the active site.
Heterogeneous, molecular and dual photoredox/metal systems are not interchangeable; support, ligand and light each change the active site.
Study Role Design N Population Outcome Ru dimer vs monomer splits CO from formate Supports OtherPhotochemical CO2 reduction with [Ru(bpy)3]2+/Ru carbonyl catalysts varying concentration and light Molecular photocatalysis concentration-dependence study — no sample N DMA/water photoreduction mixtures with Ru catalysts and BNAH TON and CO/formate selectivity as a function of catalyst concentration Single-atom Co–N–C catalyzes nitroarene azo coupling Supports OtherCo–N–C single-atom catalyst identification by STEM/XAS and nitroarene hydrogenation tests Heterogeneous catalysis materials study — no sample N Co–N–C catalysts converting nitroarenes CoN4 site structure and azo-product yield/TOF
PaperFren reads this as a limit on how far one study travels — different assays, populations, or outcomes — not a forced fight between papers.
Timeline
How understanding moved
Study years are when the paper was published. Evidence edits are dated changes to this page's claims. Explanations are when PaperFren added a Discovery — not a claim that the science happened that day.
Change log
What changed
Dated edits to this page's evidence: studies added or removed from a claim, claims added or withdrawn, and new explanations tagged here. Coverage edits are distinct from reviewed research changes and corrections. Dates record PaperFren updates; study publication dates appear in the timeline.
- Quantum yields of 44 and 77 say these photoredox reactions run radical chainsEvidence: Strengthening
- Coverage updated · Concept page published
Papers
8 studies in this library bear on Catalysis, ordered by citations.
- Single-atom Co–N–C catalyzes nitroarene azo coupling
A self-supporting Co–N–C single-atom catalyst with a CoN4C8-1-2O2 site hydrogenatively couples nitroarenes to azo compounds.
- Evolved RebH chlorinates indoles at C5, C6 or C7
Mass-spectrometry-guided evolution of RebH produced variants that chlorinate tryptamine ortho, meta or para to the indole nitrogen without a synthetic directing group.
- Ru dimer vs monomer splits CO from formate
Dilute, bright photolysis of Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2 gives CO; concentrated or dim light favours a Ru(I) dimer that makes formate.
- Pyrazine reservoirs that lower cobalt HER overpotential
Moving a redox-active pyrazine on a cobalt polypyridine ligand cuts hydrogen-evolution overpotential by about 200 mV versus pyridine analogues in water.
- A MOF that merges Cu and Ru photocatalysis
CR–BPY1 places copper ions next to a Ru-substituted polyoxometalate so N-phenyl-THIQ and ketones couple under an 18 W lamp with pore size-selectivity.
- Solid Rh crystals isomerize butene without dissolving
A crystalline Rh σ-alkane complex swaps NBA for alkenes in the solid state and the porous ethene polymorph isomerizes 1-butene with high TOF.
- Magnetic Cu-on-pumice catalyst for nitro reductions
A cellulose-textured volcanic-pumice magnetite composite bearing copper nanoparticles reduces nitrobenzenes to anilines in eight minutes.
- On–off allosteric control of a bifunctional catalyst
A Pt(II) weak-link tweezer and a sulfonate regulator switch a squaramide–amine co-catalyst fully on or off in situ.
Compare studies
Select 2–10 studies. Design and N are labels, not a ranking.
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Questions
What is still open
Heterogeneous, molecular and dual photoredox/metal systems are not interchangeable; support, ligand and light each change the active site.
Study this conceptflashcards and short-answer questions
What does catalysis mean in this chemistry library?
Catalysis is rate enhancement by a species that is regenerated, measured as turnover, selectivity, overpotential or productivity versus a stoichiometric control.
Name one empirical finding from the catalysis papers.
Dilute, bright photolysis of Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2 gives CO; concentrated or dim light favours a Ru(I) dimer that makes formate.
What is a limit of catalysis evidence here?
Heterogeneous, molecular and dual photoredox/metal systems are not interchangeable; support, ligand and light each change the active site.
Flashcards
0 of 3 answers reviewed