Beijing PM2.5 and influenza-like illness
Beijing PM2.5 averaged 100.66 μg/m³ and tracked higher influenza-like illness mainly in flu season.
Source
Impact of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on the risk of influenza-like-illness: a time-series analysis in Beijing, China
Study at a glance
- Design
- Other — Inverse-Gaussian GAMs of daily influenza-like illness counts versus Embassy PM2.5 and weather
- N
- Daily Beijing ILI and PM2.5 from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014
- Population
- Influenza-like illness reports in Beijing, stratified by age and flu season
- Outcome
- Ambient PM2.5 (mean 100.66 μg/m³) associated with higher ILI risk, especially in flu season and among adults 25–59
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Beijing PM2.5 and influenza-like illness
These passages occur verbatim in the stored paper text. They support the points listed below; they do not verify every statement in the explanation.
Daily mean PM2.5 was 100.66 μg/m³.
Daily mean concentration of PM 2.5 was 100.66 μg / m 3
There were 1763 ILI cases per day on average.
On average, there were 1763 ILI cases per day
What they did
Fit inverse-Gaussian GAMs of daily ILI counts (2008–2014) to US Embassy PM2.5, weather, and flu versus non-flu season.
What they found
Mean PM2.5 was more than four times the WHO 25 μg/m³ guideline; 2-day average PM2.5 best predicted ILI; effects were strongest in flu season and among adults 25–59.
The limits
What it doesn't show
Single-monitor exposure cannot capture neighborhood differences or prove viruses hitchhike on particles.
Key terms
- ILI
- Influenza-like illness case counts from surveillance.
- GAM
- Generalized additive model with smooth functions.
- Flu season
- October–April in this Beijing analysis.
- 2-day moving average
- Mean of today and yesterday's PM2.5.
- WHO guideline
- 24-h PM2.5 of 25 μg/m³ cited here.
- Inverse Gaussian
- Error distribution that fit ILI counts best.
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Mean Beijing PM2.5:
Common questions
Mean PM2.5?
100.66 μg/m³.
Mean ILI/day?
1763.
WHO comparison?
>4× 25 μg/m³.
Best lag?
2-day moving average.
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