Neurocognitive aging
Does worse depression plus chronic disease hit cognition harder?
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
Among 13,930 CHARLS adults ≥45, higher CES-D-10 depression tracked greater heart-disease risk, while depression plus hypertension or diabetes worsened cognition, episodic memory, and life satisfaction.
Study at a glance
- Design
- Cohort — CHARLS waves 2011–2020; CES-D-10 severity groups; logistic models for disease risk and linear models for cognition × hypertension/diabetes
- N
- N=13930 · 13,930 Chinese adults ≥45 years across five CHARLS waves (2011–2020)
- Population
- Community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in CHARLS (mean age ~59 years)
- Outcome
- Heart disease, stroke, and mental-illness risk; cognitive function, life satisfaction, and episodic memory
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Key findings
Higher depression was linked to higher heart-disease risk in a dose–response pattern, but stroke OR was 0.759 and mental-illness OR 0.924 (p = 0.513). Hypertension and diabetes intensified depression’s negative effects on cognitive abilities, life satisfaction, and episodic memory.
Methodology
Pooled five CHARLS waves (2011–2020), grouped CES-D-10 into four severity bands (0–5 through 17–30), ran logistic models for heart disease/stroke/mental illness, and linear models for depression × hypertension/diabetes on cognitive outcomes.
Limitations
Observational CHARLS associations are not causal; self-report diagnoses and CES-D-10 cannot replace clinical interviews, and the stroke/mental-illness ORs run opposite to a simple ‘worse depression, worse everything’ story.
How this study connects
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