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Online learning

What helped German students learn online in COVID?

Engel O, Zimmer LM, Lörz M, et al. · International journal of educational technology in higher education · 2023

Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC

In Germany’s first digital semester, teacher digital competence and interactive online courses strongly predicted students’ satisfaction with what they learned.

Study at a glance

Design
Cross-sectional — Nationwide German summer 2020 survey modeling predictors of perceived learning success
N
N=18000 · Analyses based on over 18,000 students (~192,000 invited)
Population
German higher-education students in the first digital COVID semester
Outcome
Satisfaction with acquired knowledge/competencies predicted by teacher and student digital factors

Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.

Key findings

Teacher- and student-related factors both mattered for perceived learning success. On the teacher side, satisfaction with teachers’ digital competencies was especially predictive, and more videoconference-based and interactive courses were associated with higher learning-success satisfaction.

Methodology

Using the nationwide “Studying in Germany in Corona Times” survey from summer 2020, researchers modeled how teacher-related conditions (videoconference share, interaction opportunities, teacher digital competence) and student-related factors predicted students’ satisfaction with acquired knowledge and competencies.

Limitations

Outcomes are self-reported satisfaction with learning, not objective test scores. Cross-sectional survey data cannot prove that improving teacher digital skills caused better learning, and the COVID emergency context may not match ordinary online courses.

How this study connects

Role on claims

Each row is a claim on a concept or method page where this paper supports, challenges, or qualifies the statement. Roles are hand-checked — not a model guess.

  • SupportsLikert Scalemethod

    Germany’s summer 2020 'Studying in Corona Times' survey invited about 192,000 students; analyses used over 18,000. Teacher-related conditions (videoconference share, interaction, digital competence) and student factors both predicted satisfaction with acquired knowledge. Satisfaction with teachers’ digital competencies was especially predictive (regression coefficient 0.39). The outcome is self-reported learning-success satisfaction, not test scores.

    Evidence for the claim as stated.

  • SupportsLikert Scalemethod

    High Likert approval is not a common learning result. Peer-video students preferred peer content to lectures; transcript groups viewed captions positively; German students’ learning-success satisfaction tracked teacher digital-competence ratings (0.39). Transcripts still did not raise grades, and the emotional-interface Likert measures did not rise even when recall did. Treating 'students rated it well' as 'students learned more' collides those papers.

    Evidence for the claim as stated.

  • SupportsLikert Scalemethod

    Scale and population disagree even when the item type is Likert. Germany models >18,000 national emergency-remote ratings; Saudi satisfaction uses 1,226 students (median 69); emergency-remote challenge catalogues use 138 students (132 with multiple challenges); simulation profiles use 150 volunteers. A nationwide coefficient is not a replication of a 138-person experience survey.

    Evidence for the claim as stated.

Open questions

Tensions this paper is part of

From concept pages' “where studies disagree.” Disagreement means the same question; scope means different assays, populations, or outcomes.

Related papers in this topic

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