Health behaviour
Do cigarette smokers sleep worse than nonsmokers in central China?
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
Among 26,282 Hunan residents, smokers (25.3%) scored worse on almost every PSQI domain and more often had sleep disturbance (32.7% vs 24.5%).
How this study connects
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Study at a glance
- Design
- Cross-sectional — Population-based multi-stage sample of rural and urban Hunan, China (Sep–Oct 2012); PSQI among smokers vs nonsmokers.
- N
- N=26282 · 27,300 sampled; 26,282 (97.3%) completed smoking self-report (6,650 smokers; 19,632 nonsmokers); PSQI n=26,035.
- Population
- General-population residents of Hunan province, China, ages 12–99.
- Outcome
- PSQI global score and sleep disturbance (PSQI >5), plus smoking-characteristic correlates among smokers.
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Do cigarette smokers sleep worse than nonsmokers in central China?
These passages occur verbatim in the stored paper text. They support the points listed below; they do not verify every statement in the explanation.
26,282 of 27,300 sampled (97.3%) completed smoking self-report.
A total of 27,300 subjects were sampled from the general population and 26,282 (97.3% response rate) completed the self-report of cigarette smoking characteristics.
Overall smoking prevalence was 25.3% (45% of men, 3% of women).
The overall prevalence of cigarette smoking was 25.3%, with 45% smokers in male population and 3% smokers in female population.
Key findings
Smoking prevalence was 25.3% (45% of men, 3% of women). Smokers had worse subjective sleep quality, latency, duration, efficiency, and disturbances, and more daytime dysfunction. Among smokers, poor sleep tracked more years smoked, quit attempts, and craving, but fewer cigarettes per day.
Methodology
Used multi-stage sampling in rural and urban Hunan (Sep–Oct 2012), defined current smokers as ≥100 lifetime cigarettes and smoking in the last 28 days, and compared Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, with regressions among smokers for cigarettes/day, years smoked, quit attempts, and craving.
Limitations
A cross-section cannot prove smoking caused insomnia; reverse causation (poor sleep prompting smoking) and residual confounding (alcohol was much more common in smokers) remain possible.
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