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Concept · medicine

Vaccination

Follow Vaccination — see important new research and changes in evidence.

Change log

What changed

Dated edits to this page's evidence: studies added or removed from a claim, claims added or withdrawn, and new explanations tagged here. Rewordings are not listed.

  • Sep 3, 2026

    • Concept page published

Vaccination research here covers uptake, coverage, and interventions that change who gets immunized — not only vaccine biology.

Public-health students need evidence on hesitancy, access, and programme design as much as immunology.

Evidence

What the evidence shows

Drawn from 10 studies in this library. Each finding starts with a plain-language takeaway, then the denser detail. Supports means evidence for a finding; Challenges means evidence against a stated position; Qualifies marks scope with a short note on each study’s contribution. Challenged positions are labeled — they are not findings.

  • Multiple studies in this library examine vaccination with empirical patient or population outcomes rather than opinion alone.

    3 studies
    1. 1What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
    2. 2Seasonal vs pandemic flu vaccine coverage
    3. 3COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya

    Study comparison

    StudyRoleDesignNPopulationOutcome
    What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal2017SupportsCross-sectionalSecondary analysis of Senegal 2010–2011 DHSN=2199 · Children aged 12–23 monthsSenegalese children aged 12–23 months in the Demographic and Health SurveyComplete immunization coverage and maternal/household predictors
    Seasonal vs pandemic flu vaccine coverage2011SupportsCross-sectionalRetrospective telephone survey of French mainland population on seasonal and pandemic vaccine uptakeN=10091 · 10,130 randomly selected; 10,091 included; 8,905/15,983 households responded (55.7%)Random sample of mainland France populationSeasonal and 2009 pandemic influenza vaccination coverage
    COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya2021SupportsCross-sectionalSurvey of public and health-care groups in Libya on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance by efficacy scenarioN=15087 · Final analysed respondents; mean age 30.6 yearsLibyan general public, students, and cliniciansWillingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination at ≥90%, ≥70%, and 50% efficacy
  • Complete coverage was 62.8%, below national (>80%) and international (>90%) goals; four antenatal visits associated with AOR 3.10 for complete immunization.

    1 study
    1. 1What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
  • Seasonal coverage was about 20.6–20.8% overall and about 55% among at-risk people. Pandemic coverage was 11.1% overall; older adults had high seasonal but low pandemic uptake.

    1 study
    1. 1Seasonal vs pandemic flu vaccine coverage
  • Among 15,087 respondents, acceptance was 79.6% for ≥90% efficacy, 60.6% for ≥70%, and 41.2% for 50%. Most respondents were general public; about one-quarter were students or clinicians.

    1 study
    1. 1COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya
  • Overall, 79.8% were somewhat or very likely to vaccinate when available and recommended. Respondents skewed female, white, and highly educated, mean age about 52.

    1 study
    1. 1COVID-19 vaccine intention in BC
  • Overall VE ~48% against incident zoster; 62% against PHN at 30 days and 59% at 90 days; uptake was only 3.9% and lower in Black and low-income groups.

    1 study
    1. 1Shingles vaccine cut zoster by about half

Open questions

Tensions and limits

Some items are genuine disagreements on the same question. Others mark different assays, populations, or outcomes — limits on how far one study travels — not a forced fight between papers.

  • Scope / different questions

    Effect sizes and settings differ across vaccination studies — digital vs clinic, trial vs observational — so results should not be pooled casually.

    3 studies
    1. 1What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
    2. 2Seasonal vs pandemic flu vaccine coverage
    3. 3COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya

    Study comparison

    StudyRoleDesignNPopulationOutcome
    What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal2017SupportsCross-sectionalSecondary analysis of Senegal 2010–2011 DHSN=2199 · Children aged 12–23 monthsSenegalese children aged 12–23 months in the Demographic and Health SurveyComplete immunization coverage and maternal/household predictors
    Seasonal vs pandemic flu vaccine coverage2011SupportsCross-sectionalRetrospective telephone survey of French mainland population on seasonal and pandemic vaccine uptakeN=10091 · 10,130 randomly selected; 10,091 included; 8,905/15,983 households responded (55.7%)Random sample of mainland France populationSeasonal and 2009 pandemic influenza vaccination coverage
    COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya2021SupportsCross-sectionalSurvey of public and health-care groups in Libya on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance by efficacy scenarioN=15087 · Final analysed respondents; mean age 30.6 yearsLibyan general public, students, and cliniciansWillingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination at ≥90%, ≥70%, and 50% efficacy

Common misconceptions

Exam-style questions

Short-answer questions that ask you to explain or compare, not recall.

What is Vaccination and why do health students study it?

Vaccination research here covers uptake, coverage, and interventions that change who gets immunized — not only vaccine biology. Public-health students need evidence on hesitancy, access, and programme design as much as immunology.

Name one limit of the evidence base for Vaccination in this library.

Single-setting trials, observational designs, or digital-only samples limit causal and external claims.

The studies

10 studies in this library bear on Vaccination, ordered by citations. The first 8 are shown.

  • What predicts COVID-19 vaccine willingness

    About two-thirds of surveyed adults were ready to vaccinate; perceived risk, news sources, and partisanship shaped willingness.

    BMC public health · 2021 · 279 citations

  • Parents and school HPV uptake

    In BC’s free school HPV program, about 65% of surveyed parents reported first-dose receipt—lower than concurrent hepatitis B and meningitis C consent rates.

    PLoS medicine · 2010 · 177 citations

  • Shingles vaccine cut zoster by about half

    In older US adults, herpes zoster vaccination showed ~48% effectiveness against incident zoster and ~59–62% against post-herpetic neuralgia.

    PLoS medicine · 2013 · 160 citations

  • COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya

    Willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine rose with assumed efficacy—about 80% if efficacy was ≥90%, but only about 41% if 50%.

    BMC public health · 2021 · 127 citations

  • As chickenpox shots rose, what happened to shingles?

    In Massachusetts, higher childhood varicella vaccine coverage tracked with less varicella but more reported herpes zoster—causality still uncertain.

    BMC public health · 2005 · 124 citations

  • TPB best predicted COVID vaccine hesitancy

    Among Bangladeshi adults, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was common (41.1%), and the Theory of Planned Behavior explained more variance than HBM or 5C models.

    Frontiers in public health · 2021 · 124 citations

  • Who decides about adolescent vaccines—and what blocks uptake?

    Adolescents, parents, and clinicians shared overlapping and conflicting views on adolescent vaccination barriers and how to improve decisions.

    BMC public health · 2012 · 97 citations

  • COVID-19 vaccine intention in BC

    About 80% of surveyed British Columbians said they were somewhat or very likely to take a recommended COVID-19 vaccine.

    BMC public health · 2021 · 93 citations

Show 2 more studies

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