Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer risk after local therapy is tracked with overlapping tools—expression classifiers for early metastasis, isoform-specific HDAC IHC for PSA relapse, and integrative CNA/transcriptome subgroups for biochemical relapse. This page keeps those claims separate.

Students hear “genomic risk” as one test. A 22-marker metastasis classifier, HDAC2 IHC, and five-group integrative subtypes answer different endpoints and molecular layers. Mixing them invents false agreement.

Claim ledger

What the evidence shows

Drawn from 3 studies in this library. Mix labels say which citation roles are present; they are not a strength score. Supports means evidence for a finding; Challenges means evidence against a stated position; Qualifies marks scope.

• ○ Limited citations

  A 22-marker genomic classifier predicts early metastasis after prostatectomy better than clinical variables alone.

  In Mayo radical-prostatectomy men enriched for PSA rise, a 22-marker expression classifier achieved validation AUC 0.75 for early clinical metastasis and was the only significant factor in multivariable models.

  1 supporting · 2 qualifying

  Supports

  1. 1A 22-gene classifier flags early metastasis after prostatectomy

  Qualifies

  1. 1HDAC2 IHC tracks shorter PSA relapse in prostate cancer— different layer — single-isoform IHC prognosis for PSA relapse, not a multi-gene metastasis classifier
  2. 2Five integrated genomic subgroups track prostate-cancer relapse risk— related risk theme, but five integrative subgroups for biochemical relapse, not the 22-marker GC

  Study comparison

  Study	Role	Design	N	Population	Outcome
  A 22-gene classifier flags early metastasis after prostatectomy2013	Supports	Case-controlNested case-control of Mayo Clinic radical-prostatectomy patients; genomic classifier for early metastasis	N=545 · 545 unique expression profiles from a 639-patient nested case-control sample; median follow-up 16.9 years	Men after radical prostatectomy with biochemical recurrence risk for metastasis	Genomic classifier discrimination for early clinical metastasis (validation AUC)
  HDAC2 IHC tracks shorter PSA relapse in prostate cancer2008	Qualifiesdifferent layer — single-isoform IHC prognosis for PSA relapse, not a multi-gene metastasis classifier	CohortIHC scoring of HDAC1/2/3 with PSA-relapse follow-up	N=192 · Prostate carcinomas scored by immunohistochemistry	Patients with prostate carcinoma assessed for HDAC expression	HDAC expression associations with clinicopathology, proliferation, and PSA relapse
  Five integrated genomic subgroups track prostate-cancer relapse risk2015	Qualifiesrelated risk theme, but five integrative subgroups for biochemical relapse, not the 22-marker GC	CohortDiscovery/validation integrating CNA and array transcriptomics for risk subgroups	N=259 · 259 men / 482 samples; discovery 125, validation 103	Men with primary prostate cancer with tumour/benign/germline samples	Integrative molecular subgroups predicting biochemical relapse

• ○ Limited citations

  HDAC2 immunohistochemistry independently tracks shorter PSA relapse.

  Across 192 prostate carcinomas, class I HDACs were frequently strongly expressed; HDAC2 was an independent prognostic marker associated with shorter PSA relapse and with dedifferentiation/proliferation patterns.

  1 supporting · 1 qualifying

  Supports

  1. 1HDAC2 IHC tracks shorter PSA relapse in prostate cancer

  Qualifies

  1. 1A 22-gene classifier flags early metastasis after prostatectomy— different endpoint — early metastasis after BCR vs PSA-relapse timing by HDAC2 IHC

  Study comparison

  Study	Role	Design	N	Population	Outcome
  HDAC2 IHC tracks shorter PSA relapse in prostate cancer2008	Supports	CohortIHC scoring of HDAC1/2/3 with PSA-relapse follow-up	N=192 · Prostate carcinomas scored by immunohistochemistry	Patients with prostate carcinoma assessed for HDAC expression	HDAC expression associations with clinicopathology, proliferation, and PSA relapse
  A 22-gene classifier flags early metastasis after prostatectomy2013	Qualifiesdifferent endpoint — early metastasis after BCR vs PSA-relapse timing by HDAC2 IHC	Case-controlNested case-control of Mayo Clinic radical-prostatectomy patients; genomic classifier for early metastasis	N=545 · 545 unique expression profiles from a 639-patient nested case-control sample; median follow-up 16.9 years	Men after radical prostatectomy with biochemical recurrence risk for metastasis	Genomic classifier discrimination for early clinical metastasis (validation AUC)

• ○ Limited citations

  Five integrative CNA+expression subgroups predict biochemical relapse across cohorts.

  In 259 men, five subgroups from 100 discriminating genes predicted biochemical relapse in discovery and validation and again in a third long-follow-up cohort, with integrative analysis outperforming single data types.

  1 supporting · 1 qualifying

  Supports

  1. 1Five integrated genomic subgroups track prostate-cancer relapse risk

  Qualifies

  1. 1A 22-gene classifier flags early metastasis after prostatectomy— both are expression-era risk tools, but GC targets early metastasis after BCR; this paper’s subgroups target biochemical relapse

  Study comparison

  Study	Role	Design	N	Population	Outcome
  Five integrated genomic subgroups track prostate-cancer relapse risk2015	Supports	CohortDiscovery/validation integrating CNA and array transcriptomics for risk subgroups	N=259 · 259 men / 482 samples; discovery 125, validation 103	Men with primary prostate cancer with tumour/benign/germline samples	Integrative molecular subgroups predicting biochemical relapse
  A 22-gene classifier flags early metastasis after prostatectomy2013	Qualifiesboth are expression-era risk tools, but GC targets early metastasis after BCR; this paper’s subgroups target biochemical relapse	Case-controlNested case-control of Mayo Clinic radical-prostatectomy patients; genomic classifier for early metastasis	N=545 · 545 unique expression profiles from a 639-patient nested case-control sample; median follow-up 16.9 years	Men after radical prostatectomy with biochemical recurrence risk for metastasis	Genomic classifier discrimination for early clinical metastasis (validation AUC)

Debates

Tensions and limits

Some items are genuine disagreements on the same question. Others mark different assays, populations, or outcomes.

Timeline

How understanding moved

Study years are when the paper was published. Evidence edits are dated changes to this page's claims. Explanations are when PaperFren added a Discovery — not a claim that the science happened that day.

Papers

3 studies in this library bear on Prostate cancer, ordered by citations.

• A 22-gene classifier flags early metastasis after prostatectomy

  In Mayo radical-prostatectomy men, a 22-marker genomic classifier from primary-tumour expression predicted early clinical metastasis after PSA rise better than clinical variables (validation AUC 0.75).

  PloS one · 2013 · 552 citations

• HDAC2 IHC tracks shorter PSA relapse in prostate cancer

  In 192 prostate carcinomas, class I HDACs were often strongly expressed; HDAC2 independently predicted shorter PSA relapse and linked to dedifferentiation/proliferation.

  British journal of cancer · 2008 · 381 citations

• Five integrated genomic subgroups track prostate-cancer relapse risk

  Across 259 men (482 samples), integrating copy-number and expression data defined five subgroups on 100 genes that predicted biochemical relapse in discovery, validation, and a third long-follow-up cohort.

  EBioMedicine · 2015 · 276 citations

Questions

What is still open

1. GC discriminates early metastasis after PSA rise; HDAC2 IHC tracks PSA-relapse timing; integrative subgroups stratify biochemical relapse. Shared “aggressive prostate cancer” language does not make the assays interchangeable.

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