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Concept

Oncology Outcomes

Oncology outcomes research tracks survival, treatment effects, and care quality for people with cancer.

Students meet cancer epidemiology and outcomes early; this cluster keeps claims tied to measured endpoints.

Evidence

What the evidence shows

Drawn from 4 studies in this library. Each finding starts with a plain-language takeaway, then the denser detail. Supports means evidence for a finding; Challenges means evidence against a stated position; Qualifies marks scope with a short note on each study’s contribution. Challenged positions are labeled — they are not findings.

  • Multiple studies in this library examine oncology outcomes with empirical patient or population outcomes rather than opinion alone.

    3 studies
    1. 1ANXA1 in breast cancer prognosis
    2. 2Does socioeconomic status change cancer survival?
    3. 3Propofol vs sevoflurane and breast cancer survival

    Study comparison

    StudyRoleDesignNPopulationOutcome
    ANXA1 in breast cancer prognosis2015SupportsCohortPooled BCAC tumour series plus familial BRCA cases; ANXA1 IHC associationsN=5752 · BCAC patients in primary analyses; plus familial BRCA cases in secondary analysesWomen with breast cancer in pooled BCAC cohorts (mostly non-BRCA carriers)ANXA1 associations with tumour subtype markers and breast-cancer-specific survival
    Does socioeconomic status change cancer survival?2009SupportsCohortNOWAC; education and household income vs cancer survival with stage and smoking adjustmentN=3849 · 3,849 incident invasive cancers with SES data from a 91,814-woman study populationNorwegian women with incident primary invasive cancer in NOWACCancer survival by education and household income
    Propofol vs sevoflurane and breast cancer survival2023SupportsRCT1:1 propofol vs sevoflurane for anaesthesia maintenance in curative primary breast cancer surgeryN=1670 · ITT: 841 propofol, 829 sevofluranePatients undergoing curative primary breast cancer surgery5-year overall survival
  • High-grade tumors had higher ANXA1 odds (OR adj 1.59); ANXA1 linked to basal-like/TN features; HER2+ ANXA1-overexpressing cases had worse 10-year BCSS (HR adj 1.70).

    1 study
    1. 1ANXA1 in breast cancer prognosis
  • An overall negative SES–survival gradient was present. Stage contribution was inconsistent, smoking was important, and after adjusting for stage and smoking the education and income differences became non-significant.

    1 study
    1. 1Does socioeconomic status change cancer survival?
  • Among 1670 patients analysed by intention to treat (841 propofol, 829 sevoflurane), five-year survival was about 92% in both arms, with a hazard ratio near 1 and no statistically significant difference. Results were similar after per-protocol analysis and adjustment for uneven triple-negative receptor status.

    1 study
    1. 1Propofol vs sevoflurane and breast cancer survival
  • All unmarried groups had excess mortality vs married; for men, never-married excess mortality rose ~3.4 percentage points per decade, mainly among those diagnosed after age 70.

    1 study
    1. 1Marital status and cancer survival trends

Open questions

Tensions and limits

Some items are genuine disagreements on the same question. Others mark different assays, populations, or outcomes — limits on how far one study travels — not a forced fight between papers.

  • Scope / different questions

    Effect sizes and settings differ across oncology outcomes studies — digital vs clinic, trial vs observational — so results should not be pooled casually.

    3 studies
    1. 1ANXA1 in breast cancer prognosis
    2. 2Does socioeconomic status change cancer survival?
    3. 3Propofol vs sevoflurane and breast cancer survival

    Study comparison

    StudyRoleDesignNPopulationOutcome
    ANXA1 in breast cancer prognosis2015SupportsCohortPooled BCAC tumour series plus familial BRCA cases; ANXA1 IHC associationsN=5752 · BCAC patients in primary analyses; plus familial BRCA cases in secondary analysesWomen with breast cancer in pooled BCAC cohorts (mostly non-BRCA carriers)ANXA1 associations with tumour subtype markers and breast-cancer-specific survival
    Does socioeconomic status change cancer survival?2009SupportsCohortNOWAC; education and household income vs cancer survival with stage and smoking adjustmentN=3849 · 3,849 incident invasive cancers with SES data from a 91,814-woman study populationNorwegian women with incident primary invasive cancer in NOWACCancer survival by education and household income
    Propofol vs sevoflurane and breast cancer survival2023SupportsRCT1:1 propofol vs sevoflurane for anaesthesia maintenance in curative primary breast cancer surgeryN=1670 · ITT: 841 propofol, 829 sevofluranePatients undergoing curative primary breast cancer surgery5-year overall survival

Common misconceptions

Exam-style questions

Short-answer questions that ask you to explain or compare, not recall.

What is Oncology Outcomes and why do health students study it?

Oncology outcomes research tracks survival, treatment effects, and care quality for people with cancer. Students meet cancer epidemiology and outcomes early; this cluster keeps claims tied to measured endpoints.

Name one limit of the evidence base for Oncology Outcomes in this library.

Single-setting trials, observational designs, or digital-only samples limit causal and external claims.

The studies

4 studies in this library bear on Oncology Outcomes, ordered by citations.

  • Marital status and cancer survival trends

    Among Norwegian cancer patients, never-married people—especially older men—showed growing excess mortality versus married peers over decades.

    BMC public health · 2011 · 54 citations

  • ANXA1 in breast cancer prognosis

    ANXA1-positive breast tumors clustered with poor-prognosis features (high grade, basal/TN, BRCA1/2) and worse outcomes in some high-risk subgroups such as HER2+.

    BMC medicine · 2015 · 47 citations

  • Does socioeconomic status change cancer survival?

    In Norwegian women, lower education and income predicted worse cancer survival until stage and smoking were accounted for.

    BMC public health · 2009 · 41 citations

  • Propofol vs sevoflurane and breast cancer survival

    In the CAN randomised trial, five-year overall survival after primary breast cancer surgery was essentially the same with propofol or sevoflurane maintenance anaesthesia.

    EClinicalMedicine · 2023 · 37 citations

Learn alongside

Change log

What changed

Dated edits to this page's evidence: studies added or removed from a claim, claims added or withdrawn, and new explanations tagged here. Rewordings are not listed.

  • Sep 3, 2026

    • Concept page published