Concept
Vaccination
11 studies
Vaccination research here covers uptake, coverage, and interventions that change who gets immunized — not only vaccine biology.
Public-health students need evidence on hesitancy, access, and programme design as much as immunology.
Studies
11
Findings
7
9 supporting · 0 challenging · 1 qualifying citations
Open tensions
2
Currently
What we know
- Multiple studies in this library examine vaccination with empirical patient or population outcomes rather than opinion alone.
- Complete coverage was 62.8%, below national (>80%) and international (>90%) goals; four antenatal visits associated with AOR 3.10 for complete immunization.
- Seasonal coverage was about 20.6–20.8% overall and about 55% among at-risk people. Pandemic coverage was 11.1% overall; older adults had high seasonal but low pandemic uptake.
- Among 15,087 respondents, acceptance was 79.6% for ≥90% efficacy, 60.6% for ≥70%, and 41.2% for 50%. Most respondents were general public; about one-quarter were students or clinicians.
- Overall, 79.8% were somewhat or very likely to vaccinate when available and recommended. Respondents skewed female, white, and highly educated, mean age about 52.
Largest unresolved question
Effect sizes and settings differ across vaccination studies — digital vs clinic, trial vs observational — so results should not be pooled casually.
Common misconceptions
Vaccination findings always generalise to every clinic.
These studies are context-bound; designs, populations, and endpoints limit transfer.
Related
Claim ledger
What the evidence shows
Drawn from 11 studies in this library. Mix labels say which citation roles are present; they are not a strength score. Supports means evidence for a finding; Challenges means evidence against a stated position; Qualifies marks scope.
Multiple studies in this library examine vaccination with empirical patient or population outcomes rather than opinion alone.
- What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
- Seasonal vs pandemic flu vaccine coverage
- COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya
Study Role Design N Population Outcome What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal Supports Cross-sectionalSecondary analysis of Senegal 2010–2011 DHS N=2199 · Children aged 12–23 months Senegalese children aged 12–23 months in the Demographic and Health Survey Complete immunization coverage and maternal/household predictors Seasonal vs pandemic flu vaccine coverage Supports Cross-sectionalRetrospective telephone survey of French mainland population on seasonal and pandemic vaccine uptake N=10091 · 10,130 randomly selected; 10,091 included; 8,905/15,983 households responded (55.7%) Random sample of mainland France population Seasonal and 2009 pandemic influenza vaccination coverage COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya Supports Cross-sectionalSurvey of public and health-care groups in Libya on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance by efficacy scenario N=15087 · Final analysed respondents; mean age 30.6 years Libyan general public, students, and clinicians Willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination at ≥90%, ≥70%, and 50% efficacy Complete coverage was 62.8%, below national (>80%) and international (>90%) goals; four antenatal visits associated with AOR 3.10 for complete immunization.
Seasonal coverage was about 20.6–20.8% overall and about 55% among at-risk people. Pandemic coverage was 11.1% overall; older adults had high seasonal but low pandemic uptake.
Among 15,087 respondents, acceptance was 79.6% for ≥90% efficacy, 60.6% for ≥70%, and 41.2% for 50%. Most respondents were general public; about one-quarter were students or clinicians.
Overall, 79.8% were somewhat or very likely to vaccinate when available and recommended. Respondents skewed female, white, and highly educated, mean age about 52.
Overall VE ~48% against incident zoster; 62% against PHN at 30 days and 59% at 90 days; uptake was only 3.9% and lower in Black and low-income groups.
In three West African DHS samples, full infant vaccination was about 15% and tracked care access more than child sex.
Pooled 2019–20 DHS data for 5,368 children aged 0–12 months in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia found full vaccination ~15.1% (males) and ~15.0% (females). Postnatal-care visits associated with higher odds (aOR 1.23); lower odds with father’s primary education (aOR 0.67), never watching TV (aOR 0.68), and only 1–3 antenatal visits (aOR 0.59).
- What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal— Senegal 12–23-month complete-immunization estimate uses a later age window than 0–12-month ‘full’ status
Study Role Design N Population Outcome How complete is infant vaccination in three West African DHS surveys? Supports Cross-sectionalPooled 2019–20 DHS from The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia; multivariable logistic regression of full vaccination N=5368 · Weighted sample of 5,368 children aged 0–12 months Infants 0–12 months in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia (DHS) Full childhood vaccination (BCG, 3× pentavalent, 3× polio, measles) and its correlates What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal QualifiesSenegal 12–23-month complete-immunization estimate uses a later age window than 0–12-month ‘full’ status Cross-sectionalSecondary analysis of Senegal 2010–2011 DHS N=2199 · Children aged 12–23 months Senegalese children aged 12–23 months in the Demographic and Health Survey Complete immunization coverage and maternal/household predictors
Debates
Tensions and limits
Some items are genuine disagreements on the same question. Others mark different assays, populations, or outcomes.
Effect sizes and settings differ across vaccination studies — digital vs clinic, trial vs observational — so results should not be pooled casually.
Effect sizes and settings differ across vaccination studies — digital vs clinic, trial vs observational — so results should not be pooled casually.
- What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
- Seasonal vs pandemic flu vaccine coverage
- COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya
Study Role Design N Population Outcome What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal Supports Cross-sectionalSecondary analysis of Senegal 2010–2011 DHS N=2199 · Children aged 12–23 months Senegalese children aged 12–23 months in the Demographic and Health Survey Complete immunization coverage and maternal/household predictors Seasonal vs pandemic flu vaccine coverage Supports Cross-sectionalRetrospective telephone survey of French mainland population on seasonal and pandemic vaccine uptake N=10091 · 10,130 randomly selected; 10,091 included; 8,905/15,983 households responded (55.7%) Random sample of mainland France population Seasonal and 2009 pandemic influenza vaccination coverage COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya Supports Cross-sectionalSurvey of public and health-care groups in Libya on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance by efficacy scenario N=15087 · Final analysed respondents; mean age 30.6 years Libyan general public, students, and clinicians Willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination at ≥90%, ≥70%, and 50% efficacy
PaperFren reads this as a limit on how far one study travels — different assays, populations, or outcomes — not a forced fight between papers.
Senegal’s 62.8% complete immunization among 12–23-month-olds is not the same claim as ~15% ‘full’ coverage among 0–12-month infants in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Age windows, schedules, and ‘complete/full’ definitions differ, so the percentages should not be pooled as one West African coverage rate.
Senegal’s 62.8% complete immunization among 12–23-month-olds is not the same claim as ~15% ‘full’ coverage among 0–12-month infants in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Age windows, schedules, and ‘complete/full’ definitions differ, so the percentages should not be pooled as one West African coverage rate.
- What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
- How complete is infant vaccination in three West African DHS surveys?
Study Role Design N Population Outcome What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal Supports Cross-sectionalSecondary analysis of Senegal 2010–2011 DHS N=2199 · Children aged 12–23 months Senegalese children aged 12–23 months in the Demographic and Health Survey Complete immunization coverage and maternal/household predictors How complete is infant vaccination in three West African DHS surveys? Supports Cross-sectionalPooled 2019–20 DHS from The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia; multivariable logistic regression of full vaccination N=5368 · Weighted sample of 5,368 children aged 0–12 months Infants 0–12 months in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia (DHS) Full childhood vaccination (BCG, 3× pentavalent, 3× polio, measles) and its correlates
PaperFren reads this as a limit on how far one study travels — different assays, populations, or outcomes — not a forced fight between papers.
Timeline
How understanding moved
Study years are when the paper was published. Evidence edits are dated changes to this page's claims. Explanations are when PaperFren added a Discovery — not a claim that the science happened that day.
2026
Concept page published
Vaccination
- Added a scope qualifier
What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
- Added a supporting study
How complete is infant vaccination in three West African DHS surveys?
- Added a supporting study
What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
- Added a supporting study
How complete is infant vaccination in three West African DHS surveys?
New claim
Pooled 2019–20 DHS data for 5,368 children aged 0–12 months in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia found full vaccination ~15.1% (males) and ~15.0% (females). Postnatal-care visits associated with higher odds (aOR 1.23); lower odds with father’s primary education (aOR 0.67), never watching TV (aOR 0.68), and only 1–3 antenatal visits (aOR 0.59).
New tension
Senegal’s 62.8% complete immunization among 12–23-month-olds is not the same claim as ~15% ‘full’ coverage among 0–12-month infants in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Age windows, schedules, and ‘complete/full’ definitions differ, so the percentages should not be pooled as one West African coverage rate.
Change log
What changed
Dated edits to this page's evidence: studies added or removed from a claim, claims added or withdrawn, and new explanations tagged here. Coverage edits are distinct from reviewed research changes and corrections. Dates record PaperFren updates; study publication dates appear in the timeline.
Pooled 2019–20 DHS data for 5,368 children aged 0–12 months in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia found full vaccination ~15.1% (males) and ~15.0% (females). Postnatal-care visits associated with higher odds (aOR 1.23); lower odds with father’s primary education (aOR 0.67), never watching TV (aOR 0.68), and only 1–3 antenatal visits (aOR 0.59).
- Coverage updated · New claim
- Coverage updated · Added a supporting study: How complete is infant vaccination in three West African DHS surveys?
- Coverage updated · Added a scope qualifier: What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
Senegal’s 62.8% complete immunization among 12–23-month-olds is not the same claim as ~15% ‘full’ coverage among 0–12-month infants in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Age windows, schedules, and ‘complete/full’ definitions differ, so the percentages should not be pooled as one West African coverage rate.
- Coverage updated · New tension
- Coverage updated · Added a supporting study: What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
- Coverage updated · Added a supporting study: How complete is infant vaccination in three West African DHS surveys?
- Coverage updated · Concept page published
Papers
11 studies in this library bear on Vaccination, ordered by citations.
- What predicts COVID-19 vaccine willingness
About two-thirds of surveyed adults were ready to vaccinate; perceived risk, news sources, and partisanship shaped willingness.
- Parents and school HPV uptake
In BC’s free school HPV program, about 65% of surveyed parents reported first-dose receipt—lower than concurrent hepatitis B and meningitis C consent rates.
- Shingles vaccine cut zoster by about half
In older US adults, herpes zoster vaccination showed ~48% effectiveness against incident zoster and ~59–62% against post-herpetic neuralgia.
- COVID vaccine acceptance in Libya
Willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine rose with assumed efficacy—about 80% if efficacy was ≥90%, but only about 41% if 50%.
- As chickenpox shots rose, what happened to shingles?
In Massachusetts, higher childhood varicella vaccine coverage tracked with less varicella but more reported herpes zoster—causality still uncertain.
- TPB best predicted COVID vaccine hesitancy
Among Bangladeshi adults, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was common (41.1%), and the Theory of Planned Behavior explained more variance than HBM or 5C models.
- Who decides about adolescent vaccines—and what blocks uptake?
Adolescents, parents, and clinicians shared overlapping and conflicting views on adolescent vaccination barriers and how to improve decisions.
- COVID-19 vaccine intention in BC
About 80% of surveyed British Columbians said they were somewhat or very likely to take a recommended COVID-19 vaccine.
Show 3 more studiesShow fewer studies
- Seasonal vs pandemic flu vaccine coverage
In France, seasonal influenza coverage stayed near 21% while pandemic H1N1 coverage was only about 11%.
- What predicts full childhood immunization in Senegal
Only 62.8% of Senegalese children 12–23 months were fully immunized; maternal education, wealth, and antenatal care strongly predicted coverage.
- How complete is infant vaccination in three West African DHS surveys?
Among 5,368 infants 0–12 months in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, only about 15% were fully vaccinated; postnatal care raised odds, while limited ANC, no TV, and father’s primary education lowered them.
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Questions
What is still open
Effect sizes and settings differ across vaccination studies — digital vs clinic, trial vs observational — so results should not be pooled casually.
Senegal’s 62.8% complete immunization among 12–23-month-olds is not the same claim as ~15% ‘full’ coverage among 0–12-month infants in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Age windows, schedules, and ‘complete/full’ definitions differ, so the percentages should not be pooled as one West African coverage rate.
Ask PaperFren about Vaccination
Study this conceptflashcards and short-answer questions
What is Vaccination and why do health students study it?
Vaccination research here covers uptake, coverage, and interventions that change who gets immunized — not only vaccine biology. Public-health students need evidence on hesitancy, access, and programme design as much as immunology.
Name one limit of the evidence base for Vaccination in this library.
Single-setting trials, observational designs, or digital-only samples limit causal and external claims.
Flashcards
0 of 8 answers reviewed