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Who may forgo life-sustaining treatment?

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East Asian statutes on withdrawing LST differ sharply from England: Japan still lacked a forgoing-LST law after a decade of debate; Korea and Taiwan legislated withdrawal; England treats family differently in the comparative analysis.

Source

Forgoing life-sustaining treatment - a comparative analysis of regulations in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and England

Tanaka M, Kodama S, Lee I, et al. · BMC medical ethics · 2020

doi.org/10.1186/s12910-020-00535-wRead the full paper ↗39 citationscc by

Study at a glance

Design
Qualitative / archival — Comparative legal analysis of forgoing LST statutes in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and England
N
N=4 · Four jurisdictions compared
Population
End-of-life LST withdrawal/ACP regulations in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and England
Outcome
Sharp differences in family vs patient roles and statutory coverage of forgoing LST

Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.

What they did

The authors compare Japan’s missing LST statute and draft advance-directive bill, Korea’s act permitting withdrawal at end of life, Taiwan’s 2000 Hospice Palliative Care Act and later ACP regulation, and England as an English-speaking comparator, focusing on family versus patient.

What they found

Comparative analysis showed the family’s (or loved ones’) role in England differs. Taiwan’s ACP regulation is new relative to the 2000 hospice act. Japan had still not submitted a draft AD bill as of 2019 in the paper’s telling.

The limits

What it doesn't show

This is comparative regulation, not a clinical trial of withdrawal. Dates are as of the article, not a 2026 update.

Key terms

LST
Life-sustaining treatment that may be withheld or withdrawn at the end of life.
Advance directive (AD)
Prior instruction about future treatment; Japan’s draft AD bill had not been submitted as of 2019.
Hospice Palliative Care Act (Taiwan, 2000)
Early statute permitting withdrawal in Taiwan, later joined by ACP regulation.
Family role
How much loved ones, not only the patient, structure lawful forgoing — the paper’s comparative sting.

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Japan as of the paper?

Common questions

Japan’s statute?

Had yet to pass a law on forgoing LST despite long public discussion.

Korea?

An act permits withdrawal of LST from patients at the end of life.

England vs East Asia?

The family’s role differs in the comparative analysis.

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