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Alienists defend judgement in Lima’s asylum

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In late-nineteenth-century Lima, a small alienist staff fought nuns’ administrative control and families’ incomplete certificates.

Source

In defence of medical judgement: medicalisation strategies in the daily life of the Lima Asylum in the last third of the 19th century

Amaya Nuñez E · Medical history · 2026

doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2025.10034Read the full paper ↗0 citationscc by

What they did

Amaya Nuñez uses asylum regulations, Ulloa and Muñiz, and Charity inspector reports to track medicalisation in daily hospital life.

What they found

Sisters of Charity ran administration from 1858. Ulloa, ‘founder’ of Peruvian psychiatry, wanted colonial madhouses replaced. Overcrowding blocked moral isolation and threatened ‘contagion’ of paying patients by ‘free’ ones.

The limits

What it doesn't show

This is a Lima hospital-politics history, not a clinical outcome study of nineteenth-century Peruvian psychiatry.

Key terms

Alienism
Emerging mental-medicine specialty that claimed exclusive judgement over madness.
Sisters of Charity
Vicentinas who, from 1858, ran Lima hospital administration, order, and domestic labour.
José Casimiro Ulloa
Alienist who directed the Lima asylum until 1891 after studying European institutions.
Medicalisation
Positioning doctors as experts responsible for madness against nuns, families, and other physicians.

Flashcards

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Research intelligence for this paper

See its role on concept claims, tensions it is part of, placement history, and related discoveries.

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Quiz yourself

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In 1858 Lima hospitals were taken over by?

Common questions

Who ran daily order?

A handful of nuns overseeing guards, servants, and domestic staff.

What did families omit?

Medical records needed to judge insanity accurately.

Why infrastructure mattered?

Without isolation, moral treatment and class/race separation failed.

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