Health equity
Who in the US has the poorest diet scores?
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
Among 155,331 CPS-3 adults, poor ACS diet quality was independently higher in Black (+16%) and rural (+61%) participants and in food deserts (+17%), while Hispanic (−16%) and Asian/NHPI (−33%) groups had lower risk.
Study at a glance
- Design
- Cross-sectional — Cancer Prevention Study-3 adults; ACS 2020 diet score poorest quartile vs race/ethnicity, education, income, rurality, and USDA food-desert status
- N
- N=155331 · 155,331 adults (123,115 women, 79.3%); mean age 52 years; enrolled 2006–2013, FFQ 2015–2017
- Population
- US adults in CPS-3 from 35 states, D.C., and Puerto Rico with a validated food-frequency questionnaire
- Outcome
- Poor diet quality (lowest quartile of ACS 2020 recommendation concordance) and component foods
Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.
Key findings
All key exposures associated with poor diet. Black vs White +16% risk; Hispanic −16%; Asian/NHPI −33%. Rural +61%; food desert +17%. Income and education effects differed by race/ethnicity (interaction p=0.01 and <0.001).
Methodology
Linked CPS-3 demographics and geocoded rurality/food-desert status to a 2015–2017 FFQ scored against 2020 ACS cancer-prevention diet recommendations (vegetables, fruit, whole grains, red/processed meat, ultraprocessed foods, sugary drinks).
Limitations
Cross-sectional FFQ cannot prove that moving out of a food desert improves diet; CPS-3 is volunteer-heavy and 88.9% White, so absolute US disparities are underestimated.
How this study connects
Role on claims
Each row is a claim on a concept or method page where this paper supports, challenges, or qualifies the statement. Roles are hand-checked — not a model guess.
In US adults, poor diet quality tracks race, rurality, and food-desert residence independently.
Among 155,331 CPS-3 adults, poor ACS diet quality was independently higher in Black (+16%) and rural (+61%) participants and in food deserts (+17%), while Hispanic (−16%) and Asian/NHPI (−33%) groups had lower risk; income and education effects differed by race/ethnicity.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Outdoor PM and NO2 linked to worse cognition more strongly in older Korean women than men.
In 1,484 Koreans aged ≥55, women had more cognitive impairment (10.27% vs 5.62%). Adjusted ORs for women vs men were 1.01 per PM10 and 1.03 per coarse PM; NO2 ORs were 1.02 in metros and 1.12 outside metros.
Scope note — US diet-quality geography ≠ Korean outdoor PM/NO2 × MMSE
Limits the claim's scope: a different population, assay, or outcome.
eHealth usage among Internet users, a homeless–housed disease cliff, US diet-quality geography, and Korean PM×gender MMSE are related equity problems with different exposures and endpoints.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Open questions
Tensions this paper is part of
From concept pages' “where studies disagree.” Disagreement means the same question; scope means different assays, populations, or outcomes.
eHealth usage among Internet users, a homeless–housed disease cliff, US diet-quality geography, and Korean PM×gender MMSE are related equity problems with different exposures and endpoints.
History
When this study was placed
Dated entries from the concept change log — when this paper was added or removed as support, challenge, or qualifier on a claim.
Placed as supporting evidence on Health Equity
Among 155,331 CPS-3 adults, poor ACS diet quality was independently higher in Black (+16%) and rural (+61%) participants and in food deserts (+17%), while Hispanic (−16%) and Asian/NHPI (−33%) groups had lower risk; income and education effects differed by race/ethnicity.
Placed as a scope qualifier on Health Equity
In 1,484 Koreans aged ≥55, women had more cognitive impairment (10.27% vs 5.62%). Adjusted ORs for women vs men were 1.01 per PM10 and 1.03 per coarse PM; NO2 ORs were 1.02 in metros and 1.12 outside metros.
Placed as supporting evidence on Health Equity
eHealth usage among Internet users, a homeless–housed disease cliff, US diet-quality geography, and Korean PM×gender MMSE are related equity problems with different exposures and endpoints.
Related papers in this topic
Same topic cluster — not a recommendation engine.