Green chemistry
Green IONP synthesis still spends ethanol and electricity
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
A cradle-to-gate LCA of 1 g iron oxide nanoparticles finds lemongrass synthesis greener than NaOH coprecipitation, but ethanol washes and lab electricity still dominate both inventories.
Key findings
Marine aquatic ecotoxicity is the largest normalised impact (1.2×10−8 coprecipitation vs 7.6×10−10 green). Ethanol contributes 42% vs 84% and electricity ~99% vs 83% in key categories. Green synthesis still wins every category but is not impact-free.
Methodology
Authors synthesised IONPs from Cymbopogon citratus extract/Na2CO3 versus Fe(II/III)/NaOH coprecipitation, then ran CML-IA LCA (ISO 14040/14044) for a 1 g functional unit, plus electricity-sensitivity scenarios.
Limitations
Lab-scale LCA with assumed 100% Fe conversion and discarded ethanol; it is not a plant-scale, solvent-recovery process inventory.
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