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Hydrology

Arabian Sea cyclones briefly refill desert aquifers

Saleh H, Sultan M, Yan E, et al. · Communications earth & environment · 2025

Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC

A few intense tropical cyclones now supply most of interior Oman’s rain and can add cubic kilometres of groundwater, interrupting chronic depletion.

Key findings

Najd received >60% of precipitation from TCs (Mekunu 20.1 km3 rain). GRACE TWS rose 3.2 ± 1.4 km3 after Mekunu, matching modelled recharge of 3.5 km3; Keila and 2020 barely moved GRACE. Unconfined water tables rose 1.7 m after Mekunu/2020, with up to 55 m rise in confined Hanfit wells. Background GRACE depletion was −0.4 then −0.9 km3 yr−1.

Methodology

The authors tracked 1990–2020 Arabian Peninsula landfalling cyclones, then estimated Najd (200,000 km2) recharge from Keila (2011), Mekunu (2018), and Cyclone 2020 using GRACE TWS, well levels, and a calibrated RiverFlow2D model.

Limitations

Three storms cannot prove every future cyclone will recharge. GRACE cannot isolate 2020 from lingering Mekunu. Agricultural pumping (cultivated area 5 to 95 km2) still dominates the long-term budget. RiverFlow2D ran only 17–18 days per storm.

How this study connects

Role on claims

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  • SupportsHydrologyconcept

    This library holds 8 empirical papers on hydrology with measured outcomes rather than reviews.

    Evidence for the claim as stated.

  • SupportsHydrologyconcept

    A few intense tropical cyclones now supply most of interior Oman’s rain and can add cubic kilometres of groundwater, interrupting chronic depletion.

    Evidence for the claim as stated.

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