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Invasive species

Rat-free islands could rebuild seabirds and reefs

Dunn RE, Benkwitt CE, Maury O, et al. · Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025

Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC

Eradicating invasive rats and restoring native vegetation on Chagos islands could multiply seabirds ~18-fold and raise reef-fish biomass via seabird-derived nitrogen.

Study at a glance

Design
Computational / modelling — Habitat/abundance models predicting Chagos seabird recovery and reef-fish biomass under rat eradication
N
N=25 · Modeled eradication on 25 rat-infested islands (scenario study, not a field trial N)
Population
Lesser noddies, sooty terns, and red-footed boobies on Chagos Archipelago islands
Outcome
Predicted seabird abundance, nitrogen deposition, and reef-fish biomass under restoration

Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.

Key findings

Rat presence suppressed breeding abundances. Eradication on 25 infested islands could raise those three species ~18-fold. Full eradication plus 75% native cover could lift reef-fish biomass ~52% (~50,000 extra tons), with nitrogen deposition rising from 78 toward 170 tons/year.

Methodology

Authors modeled breeding abundances of lesser noddies, sooty terns, and red-footed boobies across Chagos islands as a function of rats, island area, and native habitat, then predicted prey demand and seabird nitrogen reaching coral reefs under eradication and vegetation-restoration scenarios.

Limitations

Predictions have wide uncertainty and assume prey and habitat can support restored densities; Diego Garcia and unmodeled islands, plus other invasive species, are not a full restoration trial.

How this study connects

Role on claims

Each row is a claim on a concept or method page where this paper supports, challenges, or qualifies the statement. Roles are hand-checked — not a model guess.

  • SupportsInvasive speciesconcept

    This library holds 3 empirical papers on invasive species with measured outcomes rather than reviews.

    Evidence for the claim as stated.

  • SupportsInvasive speciesconcept

    Eradicating invasive rats and restoring native vegetation on Chagos islands could multiply seabirds ~18-fold and raise reef-fish biomass via seabird-derived nitrogen.

    Evidence for the claim as stated.

  • SupportsInvasive speciesconcept

    A metapopulation model or a local suppression trial does not generalise to every invader.

    Evidence for the claim as stated.

Open questions

Tensions this paper is part of

From concept pages' “where studies disagree.” Disagreement means the same question; scope means different assays, populations, or outcomes.

Related papers in this topic

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