Neural oscillations
What can closed-loop brain stimulation do?
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
A PRISMA review of 76 studies maps DBS, TMS, tDCS, tACS, and optogenetics closed-loop BCIs aimed at restoring neurological function.
How this study connects
Role on claims
Each row is a claim on a concept or method page where this paper supports, challenges, or qualifies the statement. Roles are hand-checked — not a model guess.
How far oscillation-targeted stimulation has been shown to help patients is unsettled. The phase-locked work demonstrates precise physiological control but ran no behavioural task, so whether suppressing beta improves movement is untested there, while the closed-loop review argues for restored function from a narrative synthesis of heterogeneous studies without pooled effect sizes.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Open questions
Tensions this paper is part of
From concept pages' “where studies disagree.” Disagreement means the same question; scope means different assays, populations, or outcomes.
How far oscillation-targeted stimulation has been shown to help patients is unsettled. The phase-locked work demonstrates precise physiological control but ran no behavioural task, so whether suppressing beta improves movement is untested there, while the closed-loop review argues for restored function from a narrative synthesis of heterogeneous studies without pooled effect sizes.
Study at a glance
- Design
- Other — PRISMA systematic review of closed-loop BCI / brain-stimulation studies (not a new trial)
- N
- N=76 · 76 included articles from 319 screened candidates
- Population
- Published primary studies of closed-loop stimulation in humans or animals across neurological/psychiatric indications
- Outcome
- Mapped stimulation modalities (DBS/TMS/tDCS/tACS/optogenetics) and claimed functional improvements
Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.
Inspect source passages
What can closed-loop brain stimulation do?
These passages occur verbatim in the stored paper text. They support the points listed below; they do not verify every statement in the explanation.
76 articles were included from 319 potential studies.
This review included 76 articles out of 319 potential studies.
Stimulation modalities were grouped into five categories including DBS and tACS.
We broadly classified the types of stimulation into five categories: (i) DBS, (ii) TMS, (iii) tDCS, (iv) tACS, and (v) optogenetics.
Key findings
Literature spans neurodegenerative and psychiatric uses; authors argue closed-loop approaches can restore/rehabilitate function, with modality-specific trade-offs (e.g., optogenetics still preclinical for humans).
Methodology
Searched databases with a closed-loop BCI + stimulation + disease string, applied inclusion/exclusion criteria, and extracted participant, method, and disease features.
Limitations
Pooled effect sizes or a new head-to-head trial; narrative synthesis of heterogeneous primary studies.
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