Self-regulation
Does time management fuel nursing students’ innovation?
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
In 763 undergraduate nursing students, time-management scores predicted innovative behavior both directly (effect 0.263) and through academic self-efficacy and flow (total mediation 62.9%).
Study at a glance
- Design
- Cross-sectional — Questionnaire survey of undergraduate nursing students with a chain-mediation SEM (time management → self-efficacy → flow → innovative behavior)
- N
- N=763 · 763 valid questionnaires from 3 Jiangsu universities; 95.38% effective response; ages 17–22 (mean 19.55)
- Population
- Undergraduate nursing students at three universities in Jiangsu Province, China
- Outcome
- Innovative behavior, with academic self-efficacy and flow as mediators of time-management disposition
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Key findings
Time management correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.691), flow (0.732), and innovation (0.630). Direct path 0.263; self-efficacy mediation 0.115; flow 0.205; chain 0.126. Model fit was good (RMSEA 0.050, CFI 0.982).
Methodology
Surveyed students at three Jiangsu universities with time-management, academic self-efficacy, flow, and innovative-behavior scales, then tested a chain-mediation structural equation model with 5,000 bootstraps.
Limitations
Cross-sectional self-report cannot prove that teaching time management causes innovation; common-method bias and one province limit causal claims.
How this study connects
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