Can AR projects build teachers' digital competence?
Creating collaborative AR language projects improved pre-service teachers' awareness that pedagogy-plus-technology skills need more training.
Source
Integrating augmented reality in language learning: pre-service teachers' digital competence and attitudes through the TPACK framework
Study at a glance
- Design
- Cross-sectional — Convenience sample of Applied Linguistics undergraduates using AR in language learning
- N
- N=92 · Ages 22–30; 82% women; medium-sized Spanish university
- Population
- Pre-service teachers / applied-linguistics undergraduates in Spain
- Outcome
- Pre-service teachers’ digital competence and views of AR in language learning
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Inspect source passages
Can AR projects build teachers' digital competence?
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Initially 92 undergraduate students enrolled
Initially, there were 92 undergraduate students enrolled in the Applied Linguistics class taught by the authors in a medium-sized university in Spain.
85 students completed all tasks
The remaining 85 students completed all the tasks and were randomly arranged in small teams (4–5) in order to create collaborative AR projects that aimed at teaching English to children in a CLIL classroom.
What they did
In a Spanish university Applied Linguistics course, undergraduate teacher candidates were trained on AR tools, worked in small teams to build CLIL-oriented AR projects, and completed pre/post measures of AR experience plus TPACK and attitude scales.
What they found
Almost none had prior classroom AR exposure; teams produced multiple AR projects using several SDKs. Self-perceived knowledge was higher in separate content, technology, and pedagogy areas than at their intersections, with technological pedagogical knowledge especially weak—pointing to need for digitally oriented methods training, not tool demos alone.
The limits
What it doesn't show
Results are from one teacher-education course and rely heavily on self-report scales rather than observed K-12 pupil learning. The study does not prove that higher TPACK self-ratings cause better future classroom outcomes.
Key terms
- Augmented reality (AR)
- Technology that overlays digital content on the physical world in real time.
- TPACK
- A framework describing teachers' intertwined technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge.
- CLIL
- Content and Language Integrated Learning—teaching subject content through a foreign language.
- SDK
- Software development kit used here to author AR learning experiences.
- Pre-service teachers
- Teacher candidates in training who have not yet begun full professional practice.
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Quiz yourself
How many students completed the AR projects?
Common questions
How many candidates completed the AR projects?
85 students completed all tasks and built collaborative projects.
Had they used AR in other university subjects before?
Only 4.7% reported prior classroom AR exposure.
What was weakest in TPACK self-ratings?
Technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK).
How many AR projects were created?
17 projects.
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