Which future teachers struggle in classroom simulations?
In video-based teaching simulations, three learner profiles emerged; knowledgeable pre-service teachers navigated tasks more successfully than struggling peers.
Source
Video-based simulations in teacher education: the role of learner characteristics as capacities for positive learning experiences and high performance
Study at a glance
- Design
- Cross-sectional — Latent profile analysis of pre-service teachers in a video-based assessment simulation
- N
- N=150 · 150 pre-service teachers from seven German teacher-education programs
- Population
- German pre-service teachers completing a video-based teaching simulation
- Outcome
- Learner profiles (knowledgeable/motivated/struggling) and simulation assessment performance
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Which future teachers struggle in classroom simulations?
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What analysis identified learner groups?
Three distinct profiles were identified based on pre-service teachers’ cognitive and motivational-affective learner characteristics
Name the three profiles.
two inconsistent profiles with (1) above-average knowledge but average motivation-affect ( knowledgeable profile), and (2) high motivation-affect but average to low knowledge ( motivated
What they did
Researchers invited 150 pre-service teachers from seven German teacher-education programs to complete questionnaires and a video-based simulation of on-the-fly student assessment. Latent profile analysis grouped learners by cognitive and motivational-affective characteristics, then compared simulation experiences and assessment performance.
What they found
Three profiles appeared: knowledgeable, motivated, and potentially struggling. Profiles differed in situative learning experiences and process indicators of assessment skill, with knowledgeable learners generally ranking higher on several process measures. Results underscore that simulations are not one-size-fits-all.
The limits
What it doesn't show
Participation was voluntary and remunerated within courses, not a randomized curriculum experiment. Profiles describe associations within one simulation design and may not prescribe interventions yet.
Key terms
- Video-based simulation
- A practice environment where pre-service teachers assess students using authentic classroom video scenarios.
- Latent profile analysis
- A person-centered method that groups people with similar patterns of measured characteristics.
- On-the-fly assessment
- Teachers’ in-the-moment judgments of student understanding during class activity.
- Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)
- Knowledge of how to teach specific subject matter to learners.
- Situative learning experiences
- Motivation and emotion experienced during a specific learning activity, not just general traits.
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Quiz yourself
How many profiles were identified?
Common questions
How many learner profiles were found?
Three: knowledgeable, motivated, and potentially struggling.
Who participated?
150 pre-service teachers across seven German university programs.
Why do profiles matter for simulations?
Different profiles navigate simulations differently, so supports may need individualization.
Was the simulation about grading essays only?
No — it targeted diagnostic assessment skills while students work on tasks in class-like video scenes.
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