Mediterranean diet and depression risk

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Overall Mediterranean diet assignment did not significantly reduce depression; a nuts arm suggested benefit in diabetes subgroup analyses.

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Mediterranean dietary pattern and depression: the PREDIMED randomized trial

Sánchez-Villegas A, Martínez-González MA, Estruch R, et al. · BMC medicine · 2013

doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-208 Read the full paper ↗232 citationscc by

Study at a glance

Design: RCT — PREDIMED Mediterranean-diet arms vs control; incident depression, including a diabetes subgroup
N: N=2513 · Analytic sample reported for the depression analysis
Population: PREDIMED adults at high cardiovascular risk
Outcome: Incident depression after assignment to Mediterranean diet with nuts vs control, especially among participants with type 2 diabetes

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Mediterranean diet and depression risk

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224 new depression cases.

We identified 224 new cases of depression during the follow-up period (median 5.4 years).

Merged MD HR 0.85.

When both MDs were merged together and analyzed as a single group, no significant association was found between the MD intervention and depression risk (multivariate HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.64 to 1.13). R

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What they did

PREDIMED randomised high-CVD-risk adults to MD-EVOO, MD-nuts, or low-fat control and tracked incident depression.

What they found

224 depression cases (median 5.4 years). Merged MD HR 0.85 (NS). MD-nuts nonsignificantly inverse overall; significant benefit in DM2 subgroup.

The limits

What it doesn't show

Depression was not the original primary endpoint; subgroups can be chance findings.

Key terms

PREDIMED: Randomised Mediterranean diet trial.
MD-nuts: Mediterranean diet plus nuts.
MD-EVOO: Mediterranean diet plus EVOO.
Incident depression: New depression in follow-up.
Hazard ratio: Relative risk vs control.
Subgroup analysis: Analysis in a participant subset.

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Merged HR:

Common questions

Cases?

224.

Merged HR?

0.85 NS.

Follow-up?

5.4 years.

DM2?

Significant MD-nuts benefit.