Polymers
Watching RAFT PISA grow spheres, worms, vesicles
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
In situ SAXS shows PGMA45-PHPMA200 aqueous RAFT PISA nucleating in 9–10 min and finishing as ~227 nm vesicles.
How this study connects
Role on claims
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This library holds 5 empirical chemistry papers on polymers with isolated findings, rates or spectra rather than reviews.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
In situ SAXS shows PGMA45-PHPMA200 aqueous RAFT PISA nucleating in 9–10 min and finishing as ~227 nm vesicles.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
After a ~2 mL in situ SAXS PISA run, TEM is the morphology check, not the nucleation clock. Micelles nucleate at 9–10 min by SAXS; worms appear near PHPMA DP 134 after 28–29 min; vesicles reach Dv = 227 ± 16 nm. HPMA conversion exceeds 99% within 80 min (GPC Mn 51 200 g mol⁻¹, Đ = 1.25). The SAXS clock is faster than the lab ¹H NMR rate jump.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
A TEM image of the as-made solid can be characterisation while the mechanism lives elsewhere. Pyrite mesocrystal cubes (40–50 nm, SAED nearly single-crystalline) reconstruct into amorphous (oxy)hydroxide under OER CVs; SAXS, not TEM, clocks PISA nucleation at 9–10 min. Treating the first image as the operating structure is the disagreement between those papers and a simple 'TEM showed the catalyst/morphology' sentence.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Open questions
Tensions this paper is part of
From concept pages' “where studies disagree.” Disagreement means the same question; scope means different assays, populations, or outcomes.
A TEM image of the as-made solid can be characterisation while the mechanism lives elsewhere. Pyrite mesocrystal cubes (40–50 nm, SAED nearly single-crystalline) reconstruct into amorphous (oxy)hydroxide under OER CVs; SAXS, not TEM, clocks PISA nucleation at 9–10 min. Treating the first image as the operating structure is the disagreement between those papers and a simple 'TEM showed the catalyst/morphology' sentence.
Study at a glance
- Design
- Other — In situ SAXS of aqueous RAFT HPMA polymerization from a PGMA45 macro-CTA
- N
- ~2 mL SAXS cell polymerization tracking — no sample N
- Population
- Aqueous RAFT polymerization forming micelles, worms, and vesicles
- Outcome
- Time-resolved nucleation and morphological transitions during polymerization
Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.
Inspect source passages
Watching RAFT PISA grow spheres, worms, vesicles
These passages occur verbatim in the stored paper text. They support the points listed below; they do not verify every statement in the explanation.
Micellar nucleation occurs within 9–10 min.
In situ SAXS studies indicate that micellar nucleation occurs within 9–10 min.
First short worms form at a PHPMA DP of around 134.
The first short worms are formed at a PHPMA DP of around 134.
Key findings
Micelles nucleate at 9–10 min; worms appear near PHPMA DP 134 after 28–29 min; vesicles reach Dv = 227 ± 16 nm. HPMA conversion exceeds 99% within 80 min; GPC Mn is 51 200 g mol−1 with Đ = 1.25.
Methodology
Authors polymerized HPMA from a PGMA45 macro-CTA at 70 °C in a ~2 mL SAXS cell and tracked scattering while checking conversion, GPC, DLS, and TEM after the run.
Limitations
The SAXS nucleation clock is faster than the lab 1H NMR rate jump; other PISA monomers and concentrations are not mapped at the same time resolution.
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