Polymers
Watching RAFT PISA grow spheres, worms, vesicles
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
In situ SAXS shows PGMA45-PHPMA200 aqueous RAFT PISA nucleating in 9–10 min and finishing as ~227 nm vesicles.
Study at a glance
- Design
- Other — In situ SAXS of aqueous RAFT HPMA polymerization from a PGMA45 macro-CTA
- N
- ~2 mL SAXS cell polymerization tracking — no sample N
- Population
- Aqueous RAFT polymerization forming micelles, worms, and vesicles
- Outcome
- Time-resolved nucleation and morphological transitions during polymerization
Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.
Key findings
Micelles nucleate at 9–10 min; worms appear near PHPMA DP 134 after 28–29 min; vesicles reach Dv = 227 ± 16 nm. HPMA conversion exceeds 99% within 80 min; GPC Mn is 51 200 g mol−1 with Đ = 1.25.
Methodology
Authors polymerized HPMA from a PGMA45 macro-CTA at 70 °C in a ~2 mL SAXS cell and tracked scattering while checking conversion, GPC, DLS, and TEM after the run.
Limitations
The SAXS nucleation clock is faster than the lab 1H NMR rate jump; other PISA monomers and concentrations are not mapped at the same time resolution.
How this study connects
Role on claims
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Evidence for the claim as stated.
In situ SAXS shows PGMA45-PHPMA200 aqueous RAFT PISA nucleating in 9–10 min and finishing as ~227 nm vesicles.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
After a ~2 mL in situ SAXS PISA run, TEM is the morphology check, not the nucleation clock. Micelles nucleate at 9–10 min by SAXS; worms appear near PHPMA DP 134 after 28–29 min; vesicles reach Dv = 227 ± 16 nm. HPMA conversion exceeds 99% within 80 min (GPC Mn 51 200 g mol⁻¹, Đ = 1.25). The SAXS clock is faster than the lab ¹H NMR rate jump.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
A TEM image of the as-made solid can be characterisation while the mechanism lives elsewhere. Pyrite mesocrystal cubes (40–50 nm, SAED nearly single-crystalline) reconstruct into amorphous (oxy)hydroxide under OER CVs; SAXS, not TEM, clocks PISA nucleation at 9–10 min. Treating the first image as the operating structure is the disagreement between those papers and a simple 'TEM showed the catalyst/morphology' sentence.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Open questions
Tensions this paper is part of
From concept pages' “where studies disagree.” Disagreement means the same question; scope means different assays, populations, or outcomes.
A TEM image of the as-made solid can be characterisation while the mechanism lives elsewhere. Pyrite mesocrystal cubes (40–50 nm, SAED nearly single-crystalline) reconstruct into amorphous (oxy)hydroxide under OER CVs; SAXS, not TEM, clocks PISA nucleation at 9–10 min. Treating the first image as the operating structure is the disagreement between those papers and a simple 'TEM showed the catalyst/morphology' sentence.
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