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What do global experts agree on about Long COVID?

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A 179-person, 28-country Delphi reached 187 consensus statements—strongest on diagnosis and research needs, including children and biomarkers.

Source

Long COVID clinical evaluation, research and impact on society: a global expert consensus

Ewing AG, Joffe D, Blitshteyn S, et al. · Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025

doi.org/10.1186/s12941-025-00793-9Read the full paper ↗23 citationscc by

Study at a glance

Design
Qualitative / archival — 3-round modified Delphi consensus among clinicians, researchers, and people with lived Long COVID experience (WHN governance)
N
N=179 · 179 panelists in 28 countries; 187 statements reached consensus
Population
International Long COVID clinicians, researchers, and lived-experience participants
Outcome
Consensus recommendations spanning definition, diagnosis, treatment, research, and society

Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.

What they did

Under World Health Network oversight, a modified 3-round Delphi surveyed clinicians, researchers, and people with lived Long COVID experience across definition, diagnosis, treatment, research, and socioeconomic domains.

What they found

187 statements achieved consensus. Diagnosis/clinical assessment and general research were strongest; pediatric impacts and societal/economic effects were priorities; nervous-system/organ involvement and biomarker needs were emphasized.

The limits

What it doesn't show

Not a treatment efficacy trial—recommendations reflect expert agreement, not new randomized outcome data.

Key terms

Long COVID / PASC
Persistent post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2; multiple overlapping names (PCC, PASC).
Modified Delphi
Structured iterative survey method to build expert consensus.
Lived experience
Panel inclusion of people who themselves have Long COVID.
Biomarkers
Objective measures the consensus says are critically needed for diagnosis/research.
Health behaviour / society
Domain covering clinical care pathways plus broader social and economic impacts.

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Common questions

Is this clinical trial evidence?

No—it is expert consensus guidance to inform care and research agendas.

Who was on the panel?

179 people in 28 countries, including clinicians, researchers, and patients.

What topics were covered?

Definition, diagnosis, treatment, research, and society.

Pediatric angle?

Clear consensus that COVID’s impacts on children are a research priority.

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