Microwave phage carbons glow and sense Fe3+
M13 bacteriophage carbonized in a 700 W microwave gives fluorescent nanoparticles (QY 14.8%) that quench with Fe3+ down to an 8.0 μM LOD.
Source
One-step synthesis of M13 phage-based nanoparticles and their fluorescence properties
Study at a glance
- Design
- Other — Microwave conversion of denatured M13 phage into fluorescent nanoparticles for Fe3+ sensing
- N
- Materials/analytical probe study — no sample N
- Population
- M13 phage–derived fluorescent nanoparticles
- Outcome
- Fluorescence quantum yield and Fe3+ LOD
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Inspect source passages
Microwave phage carbons glow and sense Fe3+
These passages occur verbatim in the stored paper text. They support the points listed below; they do not verify every statement in the explanation.
Quantum yield was 14.8%
The quantum yield (QY) was evaluated to be 14.8% using quinine sulfate as the standard.
LOD for Fe3+ was 8.0 μM
The LOD of P-NPs to Fe 3+ was determined to be 8.0 μM.
What they did
They denatured M13KO7 phage in 6 M GuHCl, microwave-dried the mixture at 700 W for 5 minutes, redispersed the brown solid, and filtered/ultrafiltered it. TEM/AFM, UV-vis, fluorescence, FT-IR, and XPS characterized the particles; Fe3+ quenching was titrated from 10–100 μM.
What they found
Emission peaked at 380 nm with 320 nm excitation. Quantum yield was 14.8% versus quinine sulfate. AFM diameters were 40–70 nm. Fe3+ quenched fluorescence (inner-filter effect suggested) with LOD 8.0 μM over a 10–100 μM linear range. Particles were moderately pH-stable.
The limits
What it doesn't show
This is not a live-phage nanomaterial—the virus is destroyed. Selectivity versus other metals is limited in the teaching summary, and 8 μM LOD is not ultrasensitive versus many carbon-dot papers. In-cell imaging was not shown.
Key terms
- Carbon nanoparticle
- Nanoscale carbon-rich particle with surface states that can fluoresce.
- M13 bacteriophage
- Filamentous virus used here only as a C/N feedstock, not as an intact virion.
- Quantum yield
- Fraction of absorbed photons re-emitted as fluorescence; 14.8% vs quinine sulfate.
- Inner filter effect
- Apparent quenching when the analyte absorbs excitation or emission light.
- LOD
- Limit of detection, here 8.0 μM Fe3+ from 3Syx/slope.
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Quiz yourself
M13 phage is used here as:
Common questions
Is the product still a virus?
No—microwave carbonization converts phage biomolecules into fluorescent carbon particles.
What excitation/emission pair was used?
320 nm excitation and 380 nm emission.
How bright are the particles?
Quantum yield 14.8% using quinine sulfate as standard.
What ion was sensed?
Fe3+, with an 8.0 μM detection limit.
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