Nanomaterials
Microwave phage carbons glow and sense Fe3+
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
M13 bacteriophage carbonized in a 700 W microwave gives fluorescent nanoparticles (QY 14.8%) that quench with Fe3+ down to an 8.0 μM LOD.
Study at a glance
- Design
- Other — Microwave conversion of denatured M13 phage into fluorescent nanoparticles for Fe3+ sensing
- N
- Materials/analytical probe study — no sample N
- Population
- M13 phage–derived fluorescent nanoparticles
- Outcome
- Fluorescence quantum yield and Fe3+ LOD
Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.
Key findings
Emission peaked at 380 nm with 320 nm excitation. Quantum yield was 14.8% versus quinine sulfate. AFM diameters were 40–70 nm. Fe3+ quenched fluorescence (inner-filter effect suggested) with LOD 8.0 μM over a 10–100 μM linear range. Particles were moderately pH-stable.
Methodology
They denatured M13KO7 phage in 6 M GuHCl, microwave-dried the mixture at 700 W for 5 minutes, redispersed the brown solid, and filtered/ultrafiltered it. TEM/AFM, UV-vis, fluorescence, FT-IR, and XPS characterized the particles; Fe3+ quenching was titrated from 10–100 μM.
Limitations
This is not a live-phage nanomaterial—the virus is destroyed. Selectivity versus other metals is limited in the teaching summary, and 8 μM LOD is not ultrasensitive versus many carbon-dot papers. In-cell imaging was not shown.
How this study connects
Role on claims
Each row is a claim on a concept or method page where this paper supports, challenges, or qualifies the statement. Roles are hand-checked — not a model guess.
This library holds 12 empirical chemistry papers on nanomaterials with isolated findings, rates or spectra rather than reviews.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
M13 bacteriophage carbonized in a 700 W microwave gives fluorescent nanoparticles (QY 14.8%) that quench with Fe3+ down to an 8.0 μM LOD.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
UV-vis of microwave-made phage carbons is supporting characterisation beside fluorescence. Emission peaks at 380 nm (320 nm excitation) with quantum yield 14.8% versus quinine sulfate; Fe³⁺ quenching has LOD 8.0 μM over a 10–100 μM linear range. The virus is destroyed in 6 M GuHCl / 700 W microwaving; this is not a live-phage nanomaterial.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
On a Zn phenanthroline–maleate crystal and on microwave phage carbons, FT-IR/Raman sit in a characterisation stack. The Zn complex is distorted square pyramidal in P-1 with 30.6% H···O/O···H Hirshfeld contacts and a 3.45 eV periodic-DFT gap; MIC against S. mutans is 1000 μg/mL. Phage-derived particles emit at 380 nm (ΦF 14.8%) with Fe³⁺ LOD 8.0 μM — fluorescence, not IR, is the sensing observable.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Microwave-carbonised M13 phage debris is a different emitter: 380 nm emission with 320 nm excitation, ΦF = 14.8% versus quinine sulfate, AFM diameters 40–70 nm. Fe³⁺ quenches (inner-filter effect suggested) with LOD 8.0 μM over 10–100 μM. The virus is destroyed in 6 M GuHCl / 700 W; this is not live-phage nanomaterial, and 8 μM is not ultrasensitive versus many carbon-dot papers.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Turn-on sensing, turn-off sensing, FRET photocatalysis and photoluminescence quenching of a molecular catalyst are four fluorescence experiments. Ag/Au clusters raise ΦF 3.28% → 12.89% to report nM FQs; phage carbons quench to LOD 8.0 μM Fe³⁺; TB-Zn-CP quenches to 26.3 ppb picric acid; TPE cages donate to RhB (ΦET 77%/58%) to drive 97% cyclisation; Pt(II) PL quenching assigns oxidative quenching for >82% alkene CF₃ products. 'Fluorescence showed it worked' does not travel among those papers.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
A fluorescence LOD is not a chromatographic identity. The cluster probe’s 3.1–4.4 nM LODs match HPLC-UV recoveries but cannot speciate mixed FQs. Inner-filter Fe³⁺ quenching at 8.0 μM is a different (and coarser) analytical claim than 26.3 ppb picric acid by Stern–Volmer on a coordination polymer.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Open questions
Tensions this paper is part of
From concept pages' “where studies disagree.” Disagreement means the same question; scope means different assays, populations, or outcomes.
Turn-on sensing, turn-off sensing, FRET photocatalysis and photoluminescence quenching of a molecular catalyst are four fluorescence experiments. Ag/Au clusters raise ΦF 3.28% → 12.89% to report nM FQs; phage carbons quench to LOD 8.0 μM Fe³⁺; TB-Zn-CP quenches to 26.3 ppb picric acid; TPE cages donate to RhB (ΦET 77%/58%) to drive 97% cyclisation; Pt(II) PL quenching assigns oxidative quenching for >82% alkene CF₃ products. 'Fluorescence showed it worked' does not travel among those papers.
A fluorescence LOD is not a chromatographic identity. The cluster probe’s 3.1–4.4 nM LODs match HPLC-UV recoveries but cannot speciate mixed FQs. Inner-filter Fe³⁺ quenching at 8.0 μM is a different (and coarser) analytical claim than 26.3 ppb picric acid by Stern–Volmer on a coordination polymer.
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