How do gut-bacteria vesicles enter host cells?
B. thetaiotaomicron outer-membrane vesicles are taken up within minutes via dynamin-dependent endocytosis/macropinocytosis and traffic to Golgi/ER/lysosomes.
Source
The Uptake, Trafficking, and Biodistribution of <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> Generated Outer Membrane Vesicles
Study at a glance
- Design
- Animal / in-vitro — Live imaging of B. thetaiotaomicron OMVs on intestinal epithelial cells/organoids
- N
- Cell/organoid trafficking assays — no single primary analytic N in stored text
- Population
- Intestinal epithelial cells and organoids exposed to Bt OMVs
- Outcome
- Uptake routes and intracellular biodistribution of bacterial OMVs
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How do gut-bacteria vesicles enter host cells?
These passages occur verbatim in the stored paper text. They support the points listed below; they do not verify every statement in the explanation.
How quickly are Bt OMVs associated/internalized?
within 15 min of exposure to Caco-2 cells Bt OMVs were associated with the apical cell membrane with some already being internalized and in close proximity to the nucleus ().
Main uptake routes?
dynamin-dependent endocytosis or macropinocytosis with caveolin- and clathrin-mediated routes of endocytosis also being used but to a lesser degree.
What they did
Live imaging and trafficking assays of Bt OMVs on intestinal epithelial cells/organoids, with endocytosis inhibitors and organelle markers.
What they found
Uptake within ~15 min; mainly dynamin-dependent endocytosis or macropinocytosis; vesicles reach Golgi/ER/nucleus routes and accumulate in lysosomes.
The limits
What it doesn't show
Does not prove every in vivo systemic effect of OMVs in humans.
Key terms
- OMV
- Outer membrane vesicle shed by Gram-negative bacteria.
- Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
- Common gut symbiont.
- Macropinocytosis
- Actin-driven bulk fluid/endocytic uptake.
- Dynamin
- GTPase pinching endocytic vesicles.
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Uptake timing
Common questions
How fast is uptake?
Within ~15 minutes.
Main routes?
Dynamin-dependent endocytosis/macropinocytosis.
Where do they go?
Golgi/ER/nucleus path; lysosomal accumulation.
Why matter?
OMVs can cross epithelium and influence host responses.
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