Nanomaterials
Gamma-made Ag–Se nanoparticles carrying cefotaxime
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
Radiolytic Ag, Se, and Ag–Se nanoparticles (about 11–21 nm) are characterized and loaded with cefotaxime for synergistic antimicrobial tests.
How this study connects
Role on claims
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XRD/TEM size of a fuel-cell catalyst need not match which particles do the electrochemistry. Platinum sputtered onto PEG starts as 1.8 nm primaries; heat treatment at 150 °C on Vulcan carbon yields a bimodal 2.5 ± 0.8 nm and 6.7 ± 1.8 nm distribution, and the larger population dominates oxygen-reduction activity. Gamma-made Ag, Se and Ag–Se particles average 10.95, 20.54 and 12.69 nm by complementary sizing, with UV-vis maxima at 406, 518 and 420 nm — XRD here is one size/phase check among several.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Silver SPR is a size/composition reporter, not a structure determination. GSH-capped Ag develops SPR at 344–354 nm as TEM diameters go 3.20 → 4.83 → 6.19 nm (36/48/72 h). Aqueous glycerol (10–100%) keeps SPR in 410–450 nm and particles <10 nm up to ~60% glycerol, then SPR and size rise above ~70–80% glycerol (about 10–160 nm). Gamma-made Ag/Se/Ag–Se particles are tracked at 406, 518 and 420 nm with mean sizes 10.95, 20.54 and 12.69 nm.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
GSH-capped Ag uses SEM-EDX beside TEM diameters of 3.20, 4.83 and 6.19 nm (36/48/72 h) and SPR at 344–354 nm; gamma Ag/Se/Ag–Se particles average 10.95, 20.54 and 12.69 nm. Those papers are particle-sizing problems. A different indexed study maps ITO with a 50 nm SECCM pipette: the entire surface is active, only 0.2% of area is reversible (k⁰ ≥ 1 cm s⁻¹), 85.2% has mean k⁰ = 4.2×10⁻² cm s⁻¹, and a weighted average k⁰ ≈ 3.61×10⁻² cm s⁻¹ — activity, not an SEM micrograph.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Study at a glance
- Design
- Animal / in-vitro — Radiolytic synthesis of Ag, Se, and Ag–Se nanoparticles loaded with cefotaxime for antimicrobial/antibiofilm assays
- N
- Particle characterization and multi-organism assays rather than a single sample N
- Population
- Bacterial cultures in antimicrobial and antibiofilm tests
- Outcome
- Cefotaxime-loaded Ag–Se nanoparticles show synergistic antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity with membrane-leakage evidence
Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.
Inspect source passages
Gamma-made Ag–Se nanoparticles carrying cefotaxime
These passages occur verbatim in the stored paper text. They support the points listed below; they do not verify every statement in the explanation.
Average sizes are 10.95, 20.54, and 12.69 nm for Ag, Se, and Ag–Se NPs.
Complete characterization is performed to analyze the shape, crystallinity, distribution, and size of the synthesized NPs, which are shown to be spherical with an average size of 10.95, 20.54, and 12.69 nm for Ag NPs, Se NPs, and Ag–Se NPs, respectively.
Gamma doses were 15.0 kGy for Ag and Ag–Se NPs and 10 kGy for Se NPs.
A suggested reaction mechanism describing the potential and constant reduction of ions due to the reduction by 15.0 kGy gamma rays (for Ag NPs, and Ag–Se NPs) and 10 kGy (for Se NPs) is introduced.
Key findings
Spherical particles averaging 10.95 nm (Ag), 20.54 nm (Se), and 12.69 nm (Ag–Se). Optical densities were recorded at 406, 518, and 420 nm. A radiolytic reduction mechanism at those kGy doses is proposed.
Methodology
Authors reduced 1.0 mM AgNO3 and/or Na2SeO3 with gamma rays (15 kGy Ag/Ag–Se; 10 kGy Se), tracked UV-vis (406/518/420 nm), sized particles by DLS/HR-TEM/XRD, and combined them with cefotaxime for antimicrobial/antibiofilm assays.
Limitations
This is not a randomized clinical UTI trial; membrane-leakage/MIC biology is secondary to the materials characterization for chemistry teaching.
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