Particulate matter
Low PM2.5 still tracks Canadian mortality
Open access · cc by · source: Europe PMC
In 299,500 Canadians, a 10 μg/m³ rise in PM2.5 was linked to HR 1.26 for non-accidental death even at mean 6.3 μg/m³.
Study at a glance
- Design
- Cohort — CCHS cohort Cox models of mortality vs low ambient PM2.5
- N
- N=299500 · 299,500 Canadian Community Health Survey respondents after exclusions
- Population
- Canadian adults in the CCHS linked to ambient PM2.5
- Outcome
- Non-accidental and cause-specific mortality per 10 μg/m³ PM2.5
Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.
Key findings
Fully adjusted non-accidental HR was 1.26 per 10 μg/m³; respiratory mortality was strongest (HR 1.52). Risk remained elevated below the then-WHO 10 μg/m³ guideline.
Methodology
Cox models in the CCHS cohort assigned 3-year satellite/land-use PM2.5 and followed deaths up to 12 years, adjusting for socioeconomic, ecological, and behavioural covariates.
Limitations
Wide confidence intervals on the low-concentration spline; residual confounding from unmeasured smoking intensity or indoor sources cannot be ruled out, and mobility was only partly captured.
How this study connects
Role on claims
Each row is a claim on a concept or method page where this paper supports, challenges, or qualifies the statement. Roles are hand-checked — not a model guess.
Individual-level Cox models in the Canadian Community Health Survey cohort assigned 3-year satellite/land-use PM₂.₅ and followed deaths up to 12 years. The fully adjusted non-accidental HR was 1.26 per 10 μg/m³; respiratory mortality was strongest (HR 1.52). Risk remained elevated below the then-WHO 10 μg/m³ guideline.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Papers sharing the cohort label are not one design. Veneto is an ecological SMR for municipalities; CCHS and PROTECT assign person- or pregnancy-level exposures and model individual outcomes; MIREC maps residues without a disease endpoint; the GraMo phthalate–adipose analysis is a cross-sectional surgery sample that cannot establish temporality (WQS β = −30.089 for GSH). 'Cohort evidence that pollution kills' collapses those differences.
Evidence for the claim as stated.
Open questions
Tensions this paper is part of
From concept pages' “where studies disagree.” Disagreement means the same question; scope means different assays, populations, or outcomes.
Papers sharing the cohort label are not one design. Veneto is an ecological SMR for municipalities; CCHS and PROTECT assign person- or pregnancy-level exposures and model individual outcomes; MIREC maps residues without a disease endpoint; the GraMo phthalate–adipose analysis is a cross-sectional surgery sample that cannot establish temporality (WQS β = −30.089 for GSH). 'Cohort evidence that pollution kills' collapses those differences.
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Same topic cluster — not a recommendation engine.