Do diet and sleep disorders combine to raise death risk?
In 23,212 NHANES adults, low Mediterranean-diet scores plus sleep disorders raised all-cause (HR 2.16) and CVD (HR 2.68) mortality, with a significant CVD interaction.
Source
Sleep disorder, Mediterranean diet, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study
Study at a glance
- Design
- Cohort — NHANES 2005–2014 prospective mortality follow-up; Cox models of aMED × sleep disorder interaction
- N
- N=23212 · 23,212 NHANES 2005–2014 participants
- Population
- US NHANES adults with diet scores, sleep questionnaires, and mortality linkage
- Outcome
- All-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality; interaction between aMED adherence and sleep disorders
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Inspect source passages
Do diet and sleep disorders combine to raise death risk?
These passages occur verbatim in the stored paper text. They support the points listed below; they do not verify every statement in the explanation.
23,212 NHANES 2005–2014 individuals were included.
The study included 23,212 individuals in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2014.
Low aMED plus sleep disorders: all-cause HR 2.16 and CVD HR 2.68.
participants with lower aMED and presence of sleep disorders had significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-related mortality (HR, 2.16, 95% CI, 1.49–3.13, P < 0.0001; HR, 2.68, 95% CI, 1.58–4.54, P = 0.0003).
What they did
Scored alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED, 9 points), assessed sleep disorder and sleep hours by questionnaire, and ran Cox models for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer death, including aMED × sleep-disorder interaction.
What they found
Lower aMED plus sleep disorders: all-cause HR 2.16 (1.49–3.13) and CVD HR 2.68 (1.58–4.54). Interaction was significant for CVD mortality (p=0.033) but not all-cause (p=0.184) or cancer (p=0.955).
The limits
What it doesn't show
Observational NHANES cannot prove changing diet or treating sleep disorders will cut deaths; sleep was self-reported, not polysomnography.
Key terms
- aMED
- Alternative Mediterranean diet 9-point adherence index.
- NHANES
- US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
- Sleep disorder
- Self-reported sleep problem on structured questionnaires.
- Cox regression
- Time-to-event model for mortality hazard ratios.
- Interaction
- Joint departure from multiplying diet and sleep effects.
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Common questions
How large was the cohort?
23,212 NHANES 2005–2014 participants.
Combined low aMED + sleep disorder HRs?
All-cause 2.16; cardiovascular 2.68.
Where was interaction significant?
Cardiovascular mortality (p=0.033), not all-cause or cancer.
How was diet scored?
9-point alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED).
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