Do cigarette smokers sleep worse than nonsmokers in central China?
Among 26,282 Hunan residents, smokers (25.3%) scored worse on almost every PSQI domain and more often had sleep disturbance (32.7% vs 24.5%).
Source
Sleep quality in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers: findings from the general population in central China
Study at a glance
- Design
- Cross-sectional — Population-based multi-stage sample of rural and urban Hunan, China (Sep–Oct 2012); PSQI among smokers vs nonsmokers.
- N
- N=26282 · 27,300 sampled; 26,282 (97.3%) completed smoking self-report (6,650 smokers; 19,632 nonsmokers); PSQI n=26,035.
- Population
- General-population residents of Hunan province, China, ages 12–99.
- Outcome
- PSQI global score and sleep disturbance (PSQI >5), plus smoking-characteristic correlates among smokers.
Structured fields used in claim comparison tables when every cited study has a complete layer.
What they did
Used multi-stage sampling in rural and urban Hunan (Sep–Oct 2012), defined current smokers as ≥100 lifetime cigarettes and smoking in the last 28 days, and compared Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, with regressions among smokers for cigarettes/day, years smoked, quit attempts, and craving.
What they found
Smoking prevalence was 25.3% (45% of men, 3% of women). Smokers had worse subjective sleep quality, latency, duration, efficiency, and disturbances, and more daytime dysfunction. Among smokers, poor sleep tracked more years smoked, quit attempts, and craving, but fewer cigarettes per day.
The limits
What it doesn't show
A cross-section cannot prove smoking caused insomnia; reverse causation (poor sleep prompting smoking) and residual confounding (alcohol was much more common in smokers) remain possible.
Key terms
- PSQI
- Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; disturbance defined as global score >5.
- Current smoker
- ≥100 lifetime cigarettes and smoked during the last 28 days.
- Sleep disturbance
- PSQI >5; 32.7% of smokers vs 24.5% of nonsmokers.
- Smoking craving
- Self-rated craving associated with higher odds of poor sleep among smokers.
- Quit attempts
- 28.3% of smokers reported quit attempts; also linked to worse sleep.
Flashcards
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Completed smoking questionnaires numbered about:
Common questions
How large was the completed sample?
26,282 of 27,300 sampled (97.3%).
Smoking prevalence?
25.3% overall (45% of men, 3% of women).
PSQI>5 rates?
32.7% of smokers vs 24.5% of nonsmokers.
Which smoking traits tracked worse sleep?
More years smoked, quit attempts, and craving; cigarettes/day was inversely associated.
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